The Horan Archive · Events

Event · industrial fire · line of duty

Union Stock Yards Fire

Nelson Morris Beef Plant No. 7. A hide-room fire before dawn, a canopy with no retreat, and a wall that took the chief and twenty of his men.

Date
Place
Nelson Morris Beef Plant No. 7
Dead
21 CFD · 3 civilians
Chicago Tribune illustration of the 1910 Union Stock Yards fire, showing the packinghouse blaze and firefighters.
Chicago Tribune, 1910 Stock Yards fire. Public domain via Wikimedia Commons.

Timeline

  1. A watchman found fire in the basement hide room at Beef Plant No. 7.
  2. Chief James J. Horan arrived and took command.
  3. The six-story brick exterior wall buckled outward, crushing the wooden loading canopy and burying the chief and twenty firefighters.

Ground and water

Companies reached the plant and could not get close. Freight cars along the siding blocked the approach. Crews dragged hose a long way to hydrants that still worked. City hydrants had been turned down so they would not freeze. Pressure failed. Neighborhoods adjoining the yards ran short of water.

That same morning, hours before the hide room caught fire, Horan had appeared before the City Council asking for dedicated high-pressure mains through the Stock Yards. The Council adjourned without taking action.

The canopy

With Second Assistant Fire Marshal William J. Burroughs, Horan set lines at the east entrance under a wooden loading canopy. Other firefighters climbed the canopy roof to throw streams into the upper windows. Railroad tracks sat against the building. The platform was the only staging left.

Lieutenant Joseph Mackey, on the canopy, saw the exterior brick bow outward. He gave warning and leaped. Ten to twelve men jumped with him and lived. Those stationed beneath the canopy had no road out. Six stories of masonry fell with a roar and buried Horan and twenty of his men under brick and burning timber.

Horan was killed at once, age fifty-one. Twenty-one Chicago firefighters and three packinghouse workers died in the collapse. Fifteen other firefighters were badly hurt. The twenty-one firefighters who died with him are commemorated on the Fallen 21 roll.

Front page of The Inter Ocean, 23 December 1910, reporting Chief Horan’s death in the Stock Yards fire.
The Inter Ocean, Chicago, 23 December 1910, p. 1. The next morning’s paper.

Aftermath

Command passed to First Assistant Charles Seyferlich while the fire ran through the night. Late that evening an ammonia tank explosion blew the roof off Warehouse No. 6. Mayor Fred Busse stayed in the wreckage for hours. When flying masonry came down around him, Seyferlich got the mayor clear.

Firefighters in the rubble of Nelson Morris Beef Plant No. 7 directing streams into the collapsed packinghouse.
Recovery work in the ruins of the Morris plant, 22 December 1910. Chicago Daily News, CHM DN-0056350.

Railroad wrecking derricks and steam shovels worked the pile. Horan’s body was among the last recovered, after about seventeen hours. CFD historian Bill Cattorini, speaking to CBS Chicago in 2010, said the chief was found on his knees, arms folded, facing the ruins. Property damage was reported above $1,250,000.

The city entered official mourning. Mayor Busse called an emergency Council session and appointed a committee for relief. Tens of thousands attended Horan’s funeral before his burial at Calvary Cemetery in Evanston. A relief fund raised $211,000 for the widows and surviving children.

Citations

  1. Chicago Tribune, 23 December 1910, pp. 1, 4, 7, 12.
  2. “25 Killed in Chicago; Bodies of Chief Horan and 19 Men Recovered from Stock Yards Ruins,” New York Times, 23 December 1910, p. 3.
  3. Bill Cosgrove, Chicago’s Forgotten Tragedy, pp. 132–135.
  4. John F. Hogan and Alex A. Burkholder, Fire Strikes the Chicago Stock Yards (The History Press, 2013). Buy the books.
  5. Robert Blythe, “A Reminder of a Tragic Fire,” Chicago History Museum, 22 December 2017. chicagohistory.org
  6. “1910 Stock Yards Fire Remembered,” CBS Chicago, 22 December 2010 (quoting Bill Cattorini).